Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Annals of Research in Antioxidants 2476-5511 1 2 2016 05 29 Cisplatin; nephrotoxicity and beyond e14 e14 EN Azar Baradaran Majid Tavafi Mohammad-Reza Ardalan Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei REVIEW 2016 02 19 2016 05 04 Cisplatin is one of the most extensively administered and highly effective substances for the treatment of several solid tumors; however, it shows dose-dependent renal side effects. This review was aimed to summaries and present the recently published papers on the toxicities of cisplatin, focussing on its nephrotoxicity. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science have been searched. Renal toxicity is clinically the most important and well-known side effect of cisplatin. Various investigations suggested that several mechanisms including oxidative stress, DNA injury, and inflammatory responses, are involved in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. In recent years, much interest has been directed towards a gender difference in renal toxicity of cisplatin. The literature on gender-related cisplatin toxicity shows conflicting results even on the same tissues. Cisplatin induced renal toxicity maybe sex related probably due to differences in kidney circulation. Because of ill-understood mechanisms, it requires further investigations.