Protective effect of metformin on diabetes mellitus, diabetic kidney disease and hepatocytes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a series of metabolic disturbances followed by high blood glucose levels associated with insulin deficiency. Critical long-time difficulties due to high blood glucose are nerve and kidney disorders, expansion of heart attack or stroke, serious vision impairment, and lesions of limbs. Suitable medicines used to treat diabetes include insulin and some oral medicines. Insulin injection is used to remedy type 1 diabetes and metformin as an available drug by mouth is used to remedy type 2 diabetes. Metformin can decrease the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by 31% after 3 years consumption and by 18% after 10 years consumption in people at risk for this disease. According to many studies, mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease are started by high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. For keeping safe renal tubular cells and podocytes, physicians recommended administration of medications that stop renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or medications that block the effect of angiotensin II. Among the problems of diabetes mellitus, you can refer to multiple diseases of the liver including sediment of glycogen, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis, biliary disease, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and complications of therapy of diabetes. The results of taking metformin have proven the protective effects of this drug against heart failure, liver problems, and kidney disease.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic kidney disease, Liver diseases, Metformin